DESIGN AND SCALE-UP OF GREEN HYDROGEN PRODUCTION THROUGH ELECTROCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING: CHALLENGES IN EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY

Abstract

This study investigates the design and scale-up of green hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting, focusing on the challenges of efficiency, sustainability, and scalability. The research evaluates the performance of various catalysts, including platinum-based and non-precious metal alloys, under different operating conditions. Our findings demonstrate that while platinum catalysts provide superior efficiency, non-precious metal catalysts, such as iron-nickel alloys, offer a more cost-effective and sustainable solution for large-scale applications. The developed numerical model demonstrated that temperature and production rate established a clear connection but higher temperatures led to reduced hydrogen output.  Data from the techno-economic analysis demonstrates that PEM electrolysers have the shortest payback duration thus making them the best choice for commercial implementation due to their financial feasibility.  PEM electrolysers begin with increased initial environmental impact but their efficient operations demonstrate enhanced sustainability during operation.  Hydrogen production sustainability increases substantially when solar and wind energy sources become integrated into the electrolysis process to reduce overall environmental effects.  The presented framework delivers a competent synthesis of performance outcomes with cost efficiency and environmental advantages to maximize electrochemical hydrogen production methods.  Upcoming research should work to extend the lifespan of non-precious metal catalysts together with optimizing electrolyser operation protocols and exploring new materials for producing affordable and effective green hydrogen.