Advancing Thermal Management in Electric Vehicle Batteries Through the Integration of Phase Change Materials: Enhancing Efficiency and Longevity

Abstract

EV technology popularity demands us to control Li-ion battery temperature performance to protect their reliability and safety. The batteries generate significant heat during charging and discharging cycles that leads to thermal runaway and reduces battery life efficiency. This research tests phase change materials' suitability for use inside Li-ion battery thermal management systems for EV applications. PCMs maintain stable battery temperatures during cooling because heat capture and release phases are their established properties. Research used both computer models and physical tests to check the cooling performance between PCM systems and regular liquid or air-cooling methods. Scientists investigated various PCMs including organic and inorganic types plus composite materials before adding graphene-enhanced composites to enhance heat removal. Our experiments show that the PCM system controls temperature spikes during quick charging sessions while improving battery pack temperatures and keeping the battery components stable to extend battery life. Using PCM coolers produces significant energy savings which raises total energy efficiency levels beyond what active cooling systems can achieve. Results show PCM thermal management systems as an eco-friendly cost-effective energy-efficient solution for electric car battery temperature control problems. The combination of PCM and BTMS supports new electric vehicles as better battery cooling technology than traditional systems. This research demonstrate Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have major benefits for temperature control of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). The battery pack stays at even temperatures better because PCMs use their passive cooling method to absorb and release thermal energy as they change phases. By testing PCMs against usual active cooling procedures data prove this technology can reduce temperature rise more effectively while stabilizing overall battery pack temperatures. Our temperature control system works better because it protects the battery against thermal runaway incidents and also makes the battery last longer. The examination showed that PCM-based cooling performs better than active devices with fans since it operates without external power for temperature control. EV battery technology developers should use PCM-cooled systems as their optimal choice because PCM's self-cooling method saves energy effectively. When graphene and carbon nanotubes strengthen composite PCM heat transfer improves significantly to enhance overall cooling performance.